In the dissenting report to the deportation bill, the Coalition says it supports the policy intent of the legislation but has significant concerns about potential unintended consequences.

Some 189,000 Afghans have applied for visas to Australia, but the government has only approved 31,500 refugee spots for the next four years. Women face the biggest hurdles to resettlement.

The overturning of almost 20 years of legal precedent allowing indefinite detention is a watershed moment. But stateless people in Australia have few rights and little say over their futures.